Accident Dynamics

[Dinero]

Motorcycle accidents generally require specific experience and understanding of the related laws and of dynamics of motorcycle and rider handling and function. The dynamics of motorcycle crashes are different from those involving other types of motor vehicles. A motorcycle crash often causes devastating injuries. Due to the nature of most motorcycle accidents, you or someone close to you may face an extremely serious injury as the result of a collision between a motorcycle and another vehicle. There are a number of factors that may lead to a motorcycle accident including.

1. Approximately three-fourths of these motorcycle accidents involved collision with another vehicle, which was most often a passenger automobile.

2. Approximately one-fourth of these motorcycle accidents were single vehicle accidents involving the motorcycle colliding with the roadway or some fixed object in the environment.

3. Vehicle failure accounted for less than 3% of these motorcycle accidents, and most of those were single vehicle accidents where control was lost due to a puncture flat.

4. In single vehicle accidents, motorcycle rider error was present as the accident precipitating factor in about two-thirds of the cases, with the typical error being a slideout and fall due to overbraking or running wide on a curve due to excess speed or under-cornering.

5. Roadway defects (pavement ridges, potholes, etc.) were the accident cause in 2% of the accidents; animal involvement was 1% of the accidents.

6. In multiple vehicle accidents, the driver of the other vehicle violated the motorcycle right-of-way and caused the accident in two-thirds of those accidents.

7. The failure of motorists to detect and recognize motorcycles in traffic is the predominating cause of motorcycle accidents. The driver of the other vehicle involved in collision with the motorcycle did not see the motorcycle before the collision, or did not see the motorcycle until
too late to avoid the collision.

8. Deliberate hostile action by a motorist against a motorcycle rider is a rare accident cause.

9.The most frequent accident configuration is the motorcycle proceeding straight then the automobile makes a left turn in front of the oncoming motorcycle.

10. Intersections are the most likely place for the motorcycle accident, with the other vehicle violating the motorcycle right-of-way, and often violating traffic controls.

11. Weather is not a factor in 98% of motorcycle accidents.

12. Most motorcycle accidents involve a short trip associated with shopping, errands, friends, entertainment or recreation, and the accident is likely to happen in a very short time close to the trip origin.

13. The view of the motorcycle or the other vehicle involved in the accident is limited by glare or obstructed by other vehicles in almost half of the multiple vehicle accidents.

14. Conspicuity of the motorcycle is a critical factor in the multiple vehicle accidents, and accident involvement is significantly reduced by the use of motorcycle headlamps (on in daylight) and the wearing of high visibility yellow, orange or bright red jackets.

15. Fuel system leaks and spills were present in 62% of the motorcycle accidents in the post-crash phase. This represents an undue hazard for fire.

16. The median pre-crash speed was 29.8 mph, and the median crash speed was 21.5 mph, and the one-in-a-thousand crash speed is approximately 86 mph.

17. The typical motorcycle pre-crash lines-of-sight to the traffic hazard portray no contribution of the limits of peripheral vision; more than three-fourths of all accident hazards are within 45deg of either side of straight ahead.

18. Conspicuity of the motorcycle is most critical for the frontal surfaces of the motorcycle and rider.

19. Vehicle defects related to accident causation are rare and likely to be due to deficient or defective maintenance.

20. Motorcycle riders between the ages of 16 and 24 are significantly overrepresented in accidents; motorcycle riders between the ages of 30 and 50 are significantly underrepresented. Although the majority of the accident-involved motorcycle riders are male (96%), the female motorcycles riders are significantly overrepresented in the accident data.

22. Craftsmen, laborers, and students comprise most of the accident-involved motorcycle riders. Professionals, sales workers, and craftsmen are underrepresented and laborers, students and unemployed are overrepresented in the accidents.


23. Motorcycle riders with previous recent traffic citations and accidents are overrepresented in the accident data.

24. The motorcycle riders involved in accidents are essentially without training; 92% were self-taught or learned from family or friends. Motorcycle rider training experience reduces accident involvement and is related to reduced injuries in the event of accidents.

25. More than half of the accident-involved motorcycle riders had less than 5 months experience on the accident motorcycle, although the total street riding experience was almost 3 years. Motorcycle riders with dirt bike experience are significantly underrepresented in the accident data.

26. Lack of attention to the driving task is a common factor for the motorcyclist in an accident.

27. Almost half of the fatal accidents show alcohol involvement.

28. Motorcycle riders in these accidents showed significant collision avoidance problems. Most riders would overbrake and skid the rear wheel, and underbrake the front wheel greatly reducing collision avoidance deceleration. The ability to countersteer and swerve was essentially absent.

29. The typical motorcycle accident allows the motorcyclist just less than 2 seconds to complete all collision avoidance action.

30. Passenger-carrying motorcycles are not overrepresented in the accident area.

31. The driver of the other vehicles involved in collision with the motorcycle are not distinguished from other accident populations except that the ages of 20 to 29, and beyond 65 are overrepresented. Also, these drivers are generally unfamiliar with motorcycles.

32. Large displacement motorcycles are underrepresented in accidents but they are associated with higher injury severity when involved in accidents.

33. Any effect of motorcycle color on accident involvement is not determinable from these data, but is expected to be insignificant because the frontal surfaces are most often presented to the other vehicle involved in the collision.

34. Motorcycles equipped with fairings and windshields are underrepresented in accidents, most likely because of the contribution to conspicuity and the association with more experienced and trained riders.

35. Motorcycle riders in these accidents were significantly without motorcycle license, without any license, or with license revoked.

36. Motorcycle modifications such as those associated with the semi-chopper or cafe racer are definitely overrepresented in accidents.


37. The likelihood of injury is extremely high in these motorcycle accidents-98% of the multiple vehicle collisions and 96% of the single vehicle accidents resulted in some kind of injury to the motorcycle rider; 45% resulted in more than a minor injury.

38. Half of the injuries to the somatic regions were to the ankle-foot, lower leg, knee, and thigh-upper leg.

39. Crash bars are not an effective injury countermeasure; the reduction of injury to the ankle-foot is balanced by increase of injury to the thigh-upper leg, knee, and lower leg.

40. The use of heavy boots, jacket, gloves, etc., is effective in preventing or reducing abrasions and lacerations, which are frequent but rarely severe injuries.

41. Groin injuries were sustained by the motorcyclist in at least 13% of the accidents, which typified by multiple vehicle collision in frontal impact at higher than average speed.

42. Injury severity increases with speed, alcohol involvement and motorcycle size.

43. Seventy-three percent of the accident-involved motorcycle riders used no eye protection, and it is likely that the wind on the unprotected eyes contributed in impairment of vision which delayed hazard detection.

44. Approximately 50% of the motorcycle riders in traffic were using safety helmets but only 40% of the accident-involved motorcycle riders were wearing helmets at the time of the accident.

45. Voluntary safety helmet use by those accident-involved motorcycle riders was lowest for untrained, uneducated, young motorcycle riders on hot days and short trips.

46. The most deadly injuries to the accident victims were injuries to the chest and head.

47. The use of the safety helmet is the single critical factor in the prevention of reduction of head injury; the safety helmet which complies with FMVSS 218 is a significantly effective injury countermeasure.

48. Safety helmet use caused no attenuation of critical traffic sounds, no limitation of precrash visual field, and no fatigue or loss of attention; no element of accident causationwas related to helmet use.

49. FMVSS 218 provides a high level of protection in traffic accidents, and needs modification only to increase coverage at the back of the head and demonstrate impact protection of the front of full facial coverage helmets, and insure all adult sizes for traffic use are covered by the standard.

50. Helmeted riders and passengers showed significantly lower head and neck injury for all types of injury, at all levels of injury severity.

51. The increased coverage of the full facial coverage helmet increases protection, and significantly reduces face injuries.

52. There is no liability for neck injury by wearing a safety helmet; helmeted riders had less neck injuries than unhelmeted riders. Only four minor injuries were attributable to helmet use, and in each case the helmet prevented possible critical or fatal head injury.

53. Sixty percent of the motorcyclists were not wearing safety helmets at the time of the accident. Of this group, 26% said they did not wear helmets because they were uncomfortable and inconvenient, and 53% simply had no expectation of accident involvement.

54. Valid motorcycle exposure data can be obtained only from collection at the traffic site. Motor vehicle or driver license data presents information which is completely unrelated to actual use.

55. Less than 10% of the motorcycle riders involved in these accidents had insurance of any kind to provide medical care or replace property.

[Dirty Dan]

Interesting stuff. For example the comment about injury severness increases with the size of the bike. I'd have thought just the opposite....bigger = safer.

Neat thread.

[LittleBear]

The most frequent accident configuration is the motorcycle proceeding straight then the automobile makes a left turn in front of the oncoming motorcycle.

Been there, got lucky.

The typical motorcycle accident allows the motorcyclist just less than 2 seconds to complete all collision avoidance action.

Just long enough to say OH SH1T!!!

You can increase the 2 seconds by reading traffic. In my case, I saw the guy about to turn left and dropped throttle and prepared to brake by placing my hand and foot over the controls and evaluated escape routes. When he did make the turn, I was already hard on the brakes because I saw his front wheels turn. I was going to hit him since there were no escape routes, and the truck was the lesser of three evils. A ditch with a 2 foot culvert pipe, a car coming the other direction behind the guy turning left or the front fender of the truck. Fortunately he heard my back wheel squeal from being locked up, I know bad braking technique, the driver looked over at me and swerved just in time to give me 3 feet of road to go by the front of the truck. Since the truck was the lesser of the three options, I was aiming for the front fender, hoping to fly over the hood of the truck, not into the bed of the truck. This put me in the position to use the three feet of road he gave me when he swerved. I got lucky, but had I not dropped throttle and been prepared if he turned, I would have hit him broadside. You have to read traffic to survive.

Great article DNM.

Thanks for the post Jim.................

[genoway]

Thanks DNM!

This may get rid of some Old Wives Tails touted by some bikers.




BTW, line 22 looks like it needs and edit.

[Dinero]

Originally Posted by genoway

Thanks DNM!

This may get rid of some Old Wives Tails touted by some bikers.




BTW, line 22 looks like it needs and edit.

I'll check that one again. Craftsmen comprise a large percentage of riders but statistically are underrepresented in accidents.

[Red Rider]

Thanks for the post Jim. Is this from the Hurt report?

If I had to guess, I'd say 85% of my time out on the slab I've had some kind of near miss or potential near miss. Most if them Left turning cars!

[Highmiles]

Great post ..... thank you.

[Lady Godiva]

Originally Posted by Dinero No Mas

9.The most frequent accident configuration is the motorcycle proceeding straight then the automobile makes a left turn in front of the oncoming motorcycle.

Yep - this is the one that got me.

It was 10 years ago - I had been riding for about 4 seasons (it was in Michigan so the bike was put up for the winter months) but no experience before that.

When I think back I wonder if I would have been able to do a countersteer
around the car to the right if I had more experience/skill. My memory tells me that her turn was very abrupt with no signal, but it's hard to remember the details that far back.

Thanks for the info Dinero!

[ridingjerry]

Great post, thanks.

Always helps to have a little knowledge.
I think.


Last line about medical insurance was interesting.

[y2kflhr]

this was the gf's reply when I sent her this:

This is exactly how many seconds you saved us from that accident by Kathrin’s house

29. The typical motorcycle accident allows the motorcyclist just less than 2 seconds to complete all collision avoidance action.

good post....

[Q-Dog]

Thanks, Jim.
I'm just now seeing this ...very informative & eye-opening...

24. The motorcycle riders involved in accidents are essentially without training; 92% were self-taught or learned from family or friends. Motorcycle rider training experience reduces accident involvement and is related to reduced injuries in the event of accidents.

[Berserker]

Originally Posted by Q-Dog

Thanks, Jim.
I'm just now seeing this ...very informative & eye-opening...

24. The motorcycle riders involved in accidents are essentially without training; 92% were self-taught or learned from family or friends. Motorcycle rider training experience reduces accident involvement and is related to reduced injuries in the event of accidents.

Are they jsut talking newbies with training vs newbies self taught?
I know it would be benificial to take the course, but I never have.

[Berserker]

animal involvement was 1% of the accidents.


That # is skewed by the area. Smaller sample groups may change that significantly.

[Berserker]

I agree training is important, but even more so for new riders. Not that we all couldn't learn something.